====== Commands ======
  * [[computer:commands:c|C / C++]]
  * [[computer:commands:latex|LaTeX]]
  * [[computer:commands:multimedia|Multimedia]]
  * [[computer:commands:php|PHP]]
  * [[computer:commands:kerstin|Kerstin]]

===== Useful tools / programs / options =====
  * ''import [ -window root ] filename.ext'' - macht einen Screen-Shot
  * ''startx /etc/X11/Sessions/kde-3.3.2 -- :1'' - zweiten X-Server (auf '[CTRL-]ALT-F8') starten
  * ''watch'' - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
  * ''script <file>'' - zeichnet eine Terminal-Session auf
  * ''unison'' - syncronize directories (even on remote computers)
  * ''mendeley'' - document and reference management system

===== Misc =====

==== Add manually installed version to update-alternatives ====
<code>
$ # update-alternatives --install <gen-name for (master) link> <symlink name in /etc/alt...> <program binary to be added> <priority (unused?)>
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser /home/sfoo/firefox3.5/firefox 1
$ sudo update-alternatives --set x-www-browser /home/sfoo/firefox3.5/firefox
Using '/home/sfoo/firefox3.5/firefox' to provide 'x-www-browser'.
</code>

==== Convert scanned pdfs to low file size a4 pages ====
<code>
convert in.pdf -modulate 150,90 -scale 80% -page 842x595 -compress JPEG2000 -quality 85 -type optimize out.pdf
</code>
  * ''-modulate 150,90'': set brightness to 150% of original, saturation to 90%
  * ''-scale 80%'': reduce number of pixels -> smaller file size
  * ''-page 842x595'': (with DPI=72) 29.7x20.9cm ,i.e. a4 landscape (595x842: a4 portrait; 612x792: letter portrait, ...)

==== Test USB Drive ====
<code>
sudo badblocks -vsw -t random $DEVICE
</code>

====  Make bootable USB Drive ====
<code>
wget "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/boot.img.gz"
zcat boot.img.gz /dev/sda1
parted /dev/sda # resize file system to full size
mount /dev/sda1 /media/usb
cp ubuntu-8.04.iso /media/usb
install-mbr /dev/sda  #if necessary
</code>

==== Disable console beep ====
 * To remove all console beeps whilst running X you should execute:
 ''xset b off''
 This disables the console beep for all programs.

 * To remove all console beeps whilst running from the system console execute:
 ''setterm -blength 0''
 This disables the console beep for all programs, by setting the "beep length" to zero.